Understanding the stoichiometric characteristics and influencing factors of soil nutrients under different land use types in the alpine regions can provide parameters for evaluating soil quality and function of the fragile ecosystems. In this study, the basic soil properties, including soil pH, bulk density (BD), porosity (P_s), clay content (C_y), soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), were measured in the 0-30 cm soil layers from 24 sites in the eastern Qinghai Province. The environmental factor data which include mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), average annual evaporation (E_a), normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), altitude (ALT), slope gradient (SG), surface roughness (SR), longitude (LON), latitude (LAT) were extracted at the same time using the ArcGIS software, in order to analyze the distribution characteristics and controls of soil nutrient stoichiometry under three land use types (farmland, forestland and grassland). The results showed that the content of SOC and TN in the farmland was significantly lower than that in the forestland and grassland, while the content of TP and AP showed an opposite trend compared with SOC and TN; there was no significant difference in AN content among the farmland, forestland and grassland. C:N (the average value is 19.93, the coefficient of variance is lower than 16%) and AN:AP (the average value is 2.73, the coefficient of variance is lower than 71%) in different soil layers of farmland, forestland and grassland remained relatively stable and exhibited no significant differences (P>0.05), while C:P and N:P of the farmland (the average value is 19.27 and 0.99, respectively) were significantly lower than those of forestland (the average value is 84.88 and 4.12, respectively) and grassland (the average value is 75.26 and 3.87, respectively), indicating that there was a lack of nitrogen in the soils of farmland. Redundancy analysis showed that different environmental factors and soil properties had different contributions to the soil nutrient stoichiometry ratio. The contributions of environment factors that had significant impacts on soil nutrient stoichiometric followed the order of MAT (38.3%), E_a (34.9%), ALT (32.6%), MAP (30.2%), LAT (24.2%) and NDVI (17.9%); the contributions of soil properties followed the order of TN (60.3%), SOC (59.2%), BD (56.4%), P_s (55.6%), C_y (39.3%), SWC (36.3%), AP (23.6%), pH (22.8%), TP (12.0%) and AN (9.9%). Increasing the fertilizer application of limiting elements and planting nitrogen-fixing plants could alleviate the phenomenon of nitrogen deficiency in alpine mountainous areas.