Nature reserves are specific areas set aside to protect representative ecosystems, endangered flora and fauna, and play an important role in nourishing water and soil, preventing wind and sand, purifying the air and protecting biodiversity. There are 166 nature reserves in Sichuan province, whose protection objects cover rare flora and fauna, and whose protection functions involve species, water sources and ecological environment. They are not only an important part of China's nature reserve system, but also work together with national geological parks, wetland parks and forest parks to maintain the ecosystems of southwest China, and even the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore, studying the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of natural reserves in Sichuan Province has important value and significance. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of nature reserves in Sichuan Province during 1963-2018 were studied using geospatial analysis. The results show that: ① the overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of nature reserves in Sichuan Province are mainly agglomerative, showing the characteristics of agglomeration-random-agglomeration change, and there was a large change in the early phase and a small change in the later phase. The overall development is clearly divided into a single nucleus formation and development phase from 1963-1988 and a single to dual nucleus evolution phase from 1998-2018. ② Nature reserves in Sichuan Province are mainly located in the transition area from the Chengdu Plain to the western Sichuan Plateau, and their equilibrium types show a temporal evolution from "great disparity" to "wide disparity". ③ The gravity center migration of nature reserves in Sichuan Province shows a repeated migration process of south-north-south, but the overall migration is southward. The area of the standard deviation ellipse increases overall, and the direction changes from south-north to east-west. ④ The high density of nature reserves is mainly the southern and eastern parts of Aba Prefecture, which have moderate terrain, mild climate, numerous rivers, fertile soil and sparse population. In the future, the ecological function construction of Sichuan Province should be based on the characteristics and distribution of national parks, nature reserves and natural parks, and optimize the layout of some areas in northwest, northeast and South Sichuan with less natural reserves to strengthen the ecological function construction. At the same time, the development model of nature reserves should be explored to achieve the coordinated development of nature reserves and the social economy of the surrounding areas.