Population growth and urbanization have increased the demand for grain, meat, poultry, and dairy products, and the large amount of Reactive Nitrogen (Nr) emissions from agricultural production had a growing impact on the ecological environment and human health. The Yellow River Basin, as the main grain producing area in China, has a high intensity of agricultural production activities. We used the emission factor method to analyze four forms of Nr emissions of nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin in 2000, 2005, and 2010. The results showed that:(1) among the nine provinces (regions) in the Yellow River Basin, Henan had the largest reactive nitrogen emissions, while Sichuan had the smallest ones. The amount of Nr emissions of Henan Province was eight times that of Sichuan Province. (2) The order of emissions of the four forms of Nr from high to low was Nr-wp, NH₃, N₂O, and NO_x. Chemical nitrogen fertilizer application and free-range animal farming were the largest contributors to NH₃ emissions, followed by large-scale farming and grazing, which together contributed more than 85% of the emissions. The contribution rate of farmland runoff and leaching and leaching from livestock and poultry farm to Nr-wp emissions was about 1/3 each. Non-vegetable rainfed farming and livestock and poultry farming were the main sources of N₂O emissions, and the total contribution rate was more than 66%. (3) Within the Yellow River Basin, the province (region) with the highest Nr emission intensities of per unit agricultural GDP, per unit cultivated land area, and per unit rural population was Qinghai. The spatial distribution of the emission intensities of per unit agricultural GDP and per unit rural population basically showed a pattern of high in the upstream, followed by the midstream and then the downstream. Emission intensity of per unit cultivated land area was high in the upstream, followed by the downstream and then the midstream. The emission intensity of per unit agricultural GDP in all nine provinces (regions) showed a declining trend, while the emission intensity of per unit cultivated land area and per unit rural population showed a stabilizing or increasing trend, and the emission intensity change indices of various emissions were the highest in Inner Mongolia. By analyzing the Nr emission sources of agricultural production and intensity in the Yellow River Basin, Nr emission reduction measures were put forward according to the local conditions, which could provide some scientific references for conducting basic research on Nr emission control, carrying out control technology tests, formulating relevant policy, improving the ecological environment and realizing the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin.