Microplastics, as an emerging pollutant, have been widely concerned by public and science community because of its persistence, complexity in environment and significant influences on soil ecosystem. Identifying the sources, migration and risks of soil microplastics along urban-rural landscape has becoming an urgent issue. Based on recent published literatures on soil microplastics, this study reviewed the sources, migration characteristics and ecological risks of soil microplastics in urban-rural environment by considering the dynamics of urban-rural complex ecosystem. The main sources and input characteristics of soil microplastics in different landscapes along urban-rural landscape were analyzed. The migration characteristics and driving forces of soil microplastics in urban-rural landscape were demonstrated. Furthermore, effects of soil microplastics on ecological and healthy risks were discussed. This study suggested that the impacts of soil microplastics on terrestrial ecosystem should be clearly explored as a critical issue for current studies and identifying the material flow process and environmental fate of soil microplastics in urban-rural environment can provide effective solutions. The direct and indirect impacts of microplastics on human health in different landscape patterns are widely concerned by public and are also an urgent issue to be explored. Furthermore, modelling on soil microplastics contamination based on its spatial and temporal variability in urban-rural complex ecosystem is another critical issue and should be highlighted for future study.