Abstract:Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and stratospheric ozone destruction. Freshwater ecosystem, acting as a sink of the terrestrial and anthropogenic nitrogen, continuously processes nitrogen loading and emits N2O to atmosphere. Human perturbation of the global nitrogen cycle has seriously increased nitrogen loading and N2O emission from aquatic ecosystems and gained widespread attention. Urban small-scale landscape water bodies, as a significant component of the regional freshwater systems but small environmental capacity, are strongly disturbed by human activities and have an unclear nitrogen processing efficiency. As result of small area, the N2O emission from urban small landscape waters has not been concerned world widely. In this study, we selected eight typical landscape water bodies and two natural water bodies in Chongqing, and carried out four seasonal investigations of the dissolved N2O concentrations and N2O fluxes from the surface water by floating chamber method and headspace method in order to clarify the spatiotemporal variations and the key influencing factors of N2O emission from small landscape waters. The results showed that: 1) TN, NO3--N, NH4+-N, and NO2--N concentrations in the sampling water bodies were generally low but significantly different from each other with range of 0.31-1.47 mg/L, 0.046-0.789 mg/L, 0.031-0.141 mg/L, 0.003-0.041 mg/L, respectively. NO3--N was the main nitrogen form in landscape waters. Besides, the nitrogen abundance of landscape waters was significantly higher than that of the natural waters. 2) The dissolved N2O concentrations in all sampling waters ranged from 16.51-158.96 nmol/L,average of (47.60±21.47)nmol/L, and were all observably oversaturated with N2O relative to atmospheric equilibrium, acting as net N2O sources to the atmosphere. The N2O concentrations in the eight landscape waters were two times higher than those in the tow natural water bodies. The average N2O fluxes measured by floating chamber method from eight landscape water bodies were (0.13±0.05) mmol m-2 d-1, approximately 1.3-5.2 times higher than those from the natural waters, and also higher than most of the other reports. Our results highlighted that the small urban landscape waters would act as important and nonnegligible sources of N2O to atmosphere. 3) There was a significantly positive correlation between N2O flux and nitrogen contents in landscape waters, indicating that nitrogen content could be used as effective indicators of N2O emission from landscape waters. High nitrogen loading and strong nitrogen biogeochemical processes were key drivers for the high N2O flux in landscape water bodies. In addition, the distribution of aquatic plants in the small landscape water bodies could enhance the N2O emissions and create N2O emission hotspot in the same water body. 4) We also evaluated the availability of floating chamber method and boundary layer model for the monitoring of N2O emissions from small landscape water bodies. It was found that the N2O fluxes derived from boundary layer model had a good linear relationship with that derived from floating chamber method, despite there were still some discordance in different seasons. 5) The N2O fluxes from urban small landscape water bodies were sensitive to the seasonal variation of temperature, and presented obviously seasonal patterns with the highest values in summer, intermediate values in spring and autumn, and the lowest in winter. This study emphasized that urban small landscape waters had high N2O emission rate and played a crucial part in the regional nitrogen cycle and N2O budget of global freshwater system, thus should be paid more attention in future research.