Soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) is produced primarily by nitrogen cycling processes involving soil microbes, and its emission is affected by phosphorus concentration and availability. The application of phosphorus fertilizer contributes to alleviating phosphorus limitation in the terrestrial ecosystems. It enhances soil available phosphorus concentration, which further affects nitrogen utilization by soil microbes and controls N₂O emissions. However, the response of N₂O to exogenous phosphorus addition varied widely in independent experiments. In this study, 54 observations on phosphorus fertilizer application and N₂O emissions were collected from the published Chinese and English literature, and a meta-analysis was used to determine the differences in response and potential influencing factors of N₂O emissions after applying exogenous phosphorus. The results are as follows. (1) The effect of exogenous phosphorus addition on soil N₂O emissions was not significant. However, soil N₂O emissions were significantly reduced by 32.5% in the outdoor experiments with the application of phosphorus fertilizer > 50 kg P/hm². And soil N₂O emissions were significantly reduced by 18.4% in the indoor experiments with the application of NaH₂PO₄. (2) The high variability of soil N₂O response to exogenous phosphorus addition was the result of the combined effect of various influencing factors such as phosphorus fertilizer application rate and soil moisture, soil pH, land use type, phosphorus fertilizer type, latitude, and experimental time. (3) The regression coefficients of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the regression analysis of outdoor and indoor experiments were -1.433 (P<0.001) and -0.043 (P<0.001), respectively, and the N₂O emission had a decreasing trend with the increase of phosphorus concentration. These results implied that identifying the relationship between soil phosphorus and N₂O could provide new insights for understanding elemental biogeochemical cycles and mitigating global warming.