Soil bacteria play an essential role in the ecological process of soil. Clarification of the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities at the rhizosphere of Millennium Xiulin in the Xiong'an New Area, China can contribute to the interaction between soil microorganisms and environmental factors, which will provide theoretical support for sustainable development of forest ecosystem in the New Area. The bacterial rhizosphere of Salix matsudana was evaluated as a vital native tree species in the Xiong'an New Area with high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. The soil bacterial community composition, diversity, and interaction with the environmental variables were assessed based on the short time series. Results showed that the dominant microbial groups were copiotrophic bacteria such as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla; as well as Sphingobacterium, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter genera. The relative abundance of different bacterial phyla showed slight differences in August and October, and the fluctuations of bacterial taxa were large in September. The every-week sampling time was positively and significantly associated with the bacterial Chao1 and Phylogenetic Diversity (PD) (P=0.0315, P=0.0137). In contrast, there was no statistical relationship with the Shannon index (P=0.631). The daily maximum temperature could significantly affect the PD index, and the increase in the daily minimum temperature could significantly reduce the richness of bacterial communities. Beta diversity was not significantly different based on the weekly time scale (P=0.363), the difference was significant every two weeks (P=0.027), and the difference was highly significant every three weeks (P=0.006). The soil was alkaline, while there was no significant difference in soil nutrient content, the average range of total nitrogen was in the upper-middle grade, and the average range of total phosphorus and total potassium was in the lower-middle grade. In the co-occurrence network, the proportion of commensalism was higher than that of competition. The study is an essential supplement to the analysis of bacterial rhizosphere characteristics in the forest and will provide the scientific basis for formulating efficient and sustainable management measures for the Millennium Xiulin in the Xiong'an New Area.