The response of forest soil carbon pool to global warming is a potential main source of uncertainty in predicting CO₂ under climate warming. However, the temperature sensitivity (Q10) and mechanism of Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) mineralization of aggregates of different sizes in different vegetation zones are still unclear. Soil samples were collected from 4 vegetation zones at different altitudes in Taibai Mountain, China. After sieving,three types of aggregates were obtained according to particle size:large, medium, and small. A 100-day soil culture experiment was conducted to monitor indexes such as soil respiration rate, microbial biomass carbon and extracellular enzyme activity under constant temperature (5℃, 15℃, and 25℃). Combined with Mantel analysis of various related environmental factors, a three-transfer-pool model of soil respiration was constructed to study the influence mechanism of soil aggregate carbon pool changes and temperature sensitivity. Results showed that (1) the proportion of aggregates in the whole soil positively correlated with the particle size, while the organic carbon content negatively correlated with the particle size. For aggregates of the same particle size, the soil organic carbon content increased with elevation, with the organic carbon content of the aggregates on Betula albo sinensis var.septen-trionalis being the largest. (2) With the increase in altitude, the proportion of inert carbon pools in macro-aggregates, meso-aggregates, and micro-aggregates increased from 45.11%, 36.37%, and 64.72% to 45.71%, 38.11%, and 67.12%, respectively. The proportion of slow-acting carbon pool decreased from 28.81%, 37.20%, 14.54% to 28.41%, 36.16%, 13.78%, and the proportion of the activated carbon pool decreased from 26.06%, 26.42%, 20.73% to 25.35%, 25.72%, 19.09%. (3) The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of each aggregate positively correlated with the altitude and negatively with the temperature (T1Q10>T2Q10), exhibiting the pattern of active carbon pool Q10 > slow carbon pool Q10 > passive carbon pool Q10. (4) The Microbial Biomass Carbon(MBC) of the aggregates initially increased, and then decreased with increasing incubation time, altitude, and temperature. (5) Environmental factors affecting carbon pool and the temperature sensitivity include vegetation type, soil characteristics, soil environment, and soil substrate, among which vegetation performance is stronger than others. Microbial affect the temperature sensitivity of each carbon pool by changing the activity of extracellular enzymes, including CBH (Cellobiohydrolase) and BG (β-1,4-glucosidase) are related to the temperature sensitivity of the Active carbon-pool, and BX (β-1,4-xylosidase), PER (Peroxidase), PPO (Polyphenol oxidase) are related to the temperature sensitivity of the Slow carbon-pool and the Passive carbon-pool.