Since 2009 with Luehdorfia chinensis Leech, 1893 population in Hunan Wuyunjie National Nature Reserve discovered, the field investigation and monitoring were carried out over ten years, and the field biological characters were observed. The results showed that the local vegetation was composed of 128 plant species belonging to 96 genera in 47 families, mainly Poaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae and Fabaceae. The L. chinensis populations in Hunan was distinctly preferred to the shrub grass habitat on the top of mountain but rarely in terrace habitat and arbor forest habitat, which might be related to the heat preservation and shade characters of Miscanthus spp. and the distribution of host plants Asarum sieboldii. Planting of host plants and construction of fences have a direct impact on the habitat of L. chinensis and then observably effect to its population. The present study can provide some direct evidences for biology and ecology, and theoretical basis for the conservation of L. chinensis, and also can provide some scientific basis for the protection measures of local reserves.