In order to reveal the rare and endangered plant Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis natural population survival pressure status, we made a comprehensive survey of distribution of Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis population by setting up quadrats according to the altitude gradient in Changbai Mountain National Nature Reserve. We proposed three kinds of survival pressure index including individual survival pressure index, population survival pressure index and community survival pressure index to analyze the survival pressure of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis in six types of plant communities. Ecological factors such as tree height, canopy width and tree azimuth were introduced into the pressure survival index based on neighborhood interference model. Results showed that the survival pressure of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis presented obvious difference in six types of plant communities. The survival pressure from more to less in proper order were Betula platyphylla-Abies nephrolepis community, Pinus koraiensis-Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis community, Betula platyphylla community, Abies nephrolepis-Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis community, Larix olgensis-Picea jezoensis community, and Quercus mongolica community. Multiple comparative one-way analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in the survival pressure among the six communities. The survival pressure in Betula platyphylla-Abies nephrolepis community was the highest, which was significantly higher than that in other five communities. The main competitive species were Larix olgensis, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis, Populus davidiana, and Betula platyphylla, which accounted for 87% of the total community survival pressure of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis. There was no significant difference in the survival pressure of Pinus koraiensis-Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis community and Betula platyphylla community, but the survival pressure of Pinus koraiensis-Pinus sylvestris var. sylvestriformis community was significantly higher than that of Abies nephrolepis-Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis community, Larix olgensis-Picea jezoensis community, and Quercus mongolica community. Among the latter three communities, there was no significant difference in the survival pressure. Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis was a strongly heliophilous species, the survival pressure of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis was related to the plant communities succession stage and age structure of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis population. The strict protection and management in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was not completely conducive to the stable development of the population of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis. Finally, according to the characteristics of plant community habitat, population survival pressure and population age structure characteristics, we put forward the corresponding management measures for six types of plant communities to provide reference for the protection of the population of Pinus sylvestris var. Sylvestriformis.