In the process of urban expansion, urban fringe is the area with the biggest change in spatial structure and the fastest change in land use. This paper takes Daxing District of Beijing as an example, starting from the prototype thinking, based on natural, social, economic data and remote sensing image interpretation in 2000, 2010 and 2020, fully considering the factors of land conditions and policy background. With the help of ArcGIS 10.5,FRAGSTATS 4.2 and SPSS, we analyze, compare and verify the landscape pattern index under different planning scales and diachronic dimensions. Through steps of overall analysis, site slicing and prototype screening, six spatial prototypes of Daxing District were screened out to examine the development and changes of spatial prototypes under different development orientations, thus to explore the evolution law of urban landscape pattern in Daxing District in last 20 years. This paper aims to put forward a research idea under the guidance of prototype theory, and try to provide a new perspective and certain reference for urban transformation, land use structure optimization and regional planning.