The altitude gradient is an important factor for studying the altitudinal pattern of species diversity, which integrates climatic factors such as temperature and precipitation. The diversity and altitudinal pattern of amphibians is important research in biogeography and ecology. In order to fully grasp the current situation and elevation distribution pattern of amphibian diversity in Lancang County, Yunnan Province, the biodiversity of amphibian diversity was surveyed in 2016-2017. On the background data of amphibian diversity in Lancang County, 45 survey grids were selected from the 99 effective grids (10km×10km) according to the topography, landforms and habitats. 3-5 survey lines were set in each grid. Totally, 1842 individuals were recorded, belonging to 60 species, 30 genera, 9 families and 2 orders. Among them, Rhacophoridae is the dominant family, accounting for 28.3% of the total amphibian families. The Gracixalus yunnanensis is a new species. The Fejervarya qingmaiensis is a newly recorded species in China. Among all the surveyed species, there are 15 endemic to China, 25 beneficial or important economic and scientific value wild animals of China. There are 19 threatened species, including one critically endangered species, 4 endangered species and 14 vulnerable species. The amphibians of Lancang County are mainly distributed in the altitude range of 600-2400m. These are the highest number and abundance of amphibian in the altitude range of 1800-2000m. Second are in the range of 1600-1800m and 1200-1400m. The number of the family was tripled and the genera was doubled compared with the previous survey, and the Bombinatoridae was firstly recorded in this county. Grids with high richness, especially those with richness above 20, are at medium and high altitudes. Grid with relatively low richness are at relatively low and high altitude. The distribution pattern of amphibian diversity family, genus and species richness is not consistent along the altitudinal gradient. The altitudinal distribution pattern of species richness is generally bimodal, which is caused by the comprehensive effect of environmental factors including average precipitation, average temperature and vegetation cover index. The order of the correlation between each factor and species richness is:average precipitation > average altitude=average temperature > vegetation coverage index > water network density index > average distance between transect and water area > number of vegetation types. This study found out the diversity of amphibians in Lancang County, analyzed the altitudinal distribution pattern of amphibian diversity, and provided basic data for biodiversity conservation in Lancang County.