The leaf micro-structure of gaden plants can affect their ability to intercept atmospheric particulate matters. In this study, 10 common deciduous broad-leaved tree species were selected from the main roads in Urumqi, Northwestern China. The retention of total suspended particulate matter (TSP), large particulate matter (PM_>10), coarse particulate matter (PM_3-10), and fine particulate matter (PM_1-3) of different tree species per unit leaf area were determined by using water-washed membrane method. The content of particulate matter in different particle classes and its percentage of the total particulate matter content was further investigated. The micro-morphological characteristics of the leaf surface (villi length, stomata radius, and groove width, etc.) were observed with an electron microscope. The correlation between the morphological characteristics of the leaf surface under the micro-structure and the adsorption capacity of different particle sizes was analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in the amount of particulate matter per unit leaf area among the 10 tree species, and the amount of total particulate matter in Ulmus densa was the highest (53.38±0.71) μg. It is 10 times of the total amount of Swida alba (4.90±0.64) μg; The average content of PM_>10 particles accounted for about 80% of the TSP. Ulmus densa has the highest amount of PM_3-10 and PM_1-3, which were (9.14 1±1.08) μg and (7.75±0.05) μg. It is 3-5 times of other tree species. There was a significantly positive correlation between the number of stoma and the content of TSP, PM_>10, and the correlation coefficients were both 0.51 (P<0.05); There was a significantly negative correlation between villus length and PM_1-3 content, the coefficients -0.57 (P<0.05); The foliar dusts tested in this study were mainly dominated by large particles, and the foliar micro-structure was closely related to the amount of large particles; Leaf surface grooves were negatively correlated with TSP, PM_>10, and PM_1-3 content; Among them, leaf abaxial epidermis groove width and PM_>10 content are correlated negatively, coefficients -0.32 (P<0.05). It is found that the leaf microstructure characteristics of Ulmus densa and Crataegus pinnatifida lead to their strong dust retention ability, which could be used as preferred species in street greening work in Urumqi.