Environmental geological sensitivity is not only the background of regional ecological function but also the important foundation of ecological security pattern construction and ecological protection and restoration. However, there are many factors involved in environmental geological sensitivity which makes it difficult to integrate multi-source data. Therefore, few studies are focused on the comprehensive regionalization in a large scale based on environmental geological assessment. Here, eleven individual environmental geological sensitivities were evaluated by integrating geological, geographic and thematic data, including land desertification, soil salinization, landslide, debris flow, ground collapse, ground fissure, land subsidence, groundwater geological environment function, shallow groundwater quality, groundwater regulation and storage, and groundwater sustainable utilization. Then, the eleven individual environmental geological sensitivities were divided into three environmental geological subsystems of land environment, geological disasters, and groundwater environment to construct an evaluation index system to complete the comprehensive environmental geological sensitivity evaluation. Finally, the study area was divided into three first-class environmental geological sensitive areas and sixteen sub areas based on the geological and geomorphological divisions. The results show that there is a strongly spatial overlap between environmental geological regionalization and natural and human factors, such as geological structure and regionalization, geological geomorphology and human activities. The comprehensive environmental geological sensitivity shows a macro pattern of low in the northwest and high in the southeast. Because of human activities, the North China Plain is mainly affected by land subsidence and groundwater environmental sensitivity. The North China Mountainous Area is mainly affected by gravity type geological disasters, while the Inner Mongolia Plateau area is mainly affected by desertification and local debris flow disasters, both the North China Mountainous area and the Inner Mongolia Plateau area are mainly driven by natural factors, and local human activities have a significant impact. According to the results of comprehensive environmental geological sensitivity zoning, it is necessary to make overall territorial spatial planning, strengthen the governance of environmental geological problems in geomorphic transition zone and urban-rural key areas, improve the resilience of key ecological sources, corridors and nodes, and comprehensively realize urban-rural coordination, ecological coordination and environmental coordination.