To explore the effects of invasive species on understory native plant community structure, individual abundance, coverage of native plant species were investigated under different invasion pressures (no invasion, low invasion, medium invasion, and high invasion) of invasive species Ambrosia artemisiifolia with field investigation and analysis. The relationship between the external factors such as topography, climate, soil, light, and population density and the population characteristics of A. artemisiifolia and the local plant community structure was discussed. The results showed that A. artemisiifolia coverage was positively correlated with invasion height, invasion density, and aboveground biomass. Compared with the control no contain A. artemisiifolia, under the low invasion pressure, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index of native plant were significantly increased, while there were no significant change of native species richness and coverage. With increase in invasion cover, native species richness and coverage were decreased gradually, the native plant Shannon-Wiener diversity index showed a downward tendency after initially rising, and no significant differences in Pielou evenness index of native plant. Redundancy Analysis (RDA) analysis showed that soil total nitrogen, distance to the road, soil total phosphorus, and canopy density were the main factors influencing relationships between the success of invasive plants and native plant diversity. The soil total nitrogen content decreased with increase of A. artemisiifolia coverage and biomass. The closer to the road or at higher light intensity, the higher coverage and biomass of A. artemisiifolia. While intensify inspection of invasive species in traffic flow and increasing canopy density could inhibit A. artemisiifolia spread.