Urban water ecological carrying capacity can effectively reflect mutual feedback relationship of various factors in the compound system of water resources-water environment-water ecology-economy and society. The construction of a water ecological civilization city (WECC) has a multi-faceted impact on the urban water ecosystem. It has important theoretical value and practical significance to scientifically analyze the changes in the urban water ecological carrying capacity before and after the construction of the WECC. This paper took the "society-economy-nature" compound ecological theory as the guidance, fully considered the response relationship between human activities and urban water ecosystem, selected DPSIR model to build the evaluation index system of urban water ecological carrying capacity. Moreover, taking Wuhan City as an example, we comprehensively used entropy weight method, TOPSIS Model and obstacle diagnosis model to analyze the change trend and influencing factors of water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhan City from 2008 to 2019. The results of the TOPSIS model showed that the construction achievements were mainly reflected in the improvement of indicators in the pressure and impact rule level, as well as the substantial improvement of indicators in the response rule level. This revealed that while the economy and society of Wuhan City are achieving rapid development, the pressure on urban water ecosystem was gradually increasing, and the changes in the aquatic environment of Wuhan City had a certain impact on production and life. Moreover, the average level of water ecological carrying capacity (0.552) of Wuhan City during the pilot construction period (2015-2017) was higher than that before (0.361) and after (0.438) the pilot construction. How to maintain the positive impact of the construction achievements of the WECC construction was an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the obstacle diagnosis model, we found the main factors hindering the improvement of water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhan City were indicators of ecological environment index, the green coverage rate of built-up area, the average water consumption per mu of farmland irrigation, acid rain frequency, and the water quality compliance rate of drinking water source. The results provided decision-making reference for the planning, management and protection of urban water ecosystems, and can also explore the achievements and obstacles of the construction of a water ecological civilization city. Furthermore, the suggestions were proposed to improve the water ecological carrying capacity of Wuhan City, such as the symbiotic and co-prosperity development model of water city and the transformation of industrial structure.