Based on the plant community investigation data, and with plots representing the comprehensive status of multiple resources, and species importance values as measurement indicators of niche, the niche characteristics of woody plant species in the Picea Purpurea Community in Dayugou forest area of the Taohe Nature Reserve were quantified with the indices of Levins niche breadth, Shannon niche breadth, Schoener niche similarities and Pianka niche overlap. The results showed that there were 8 tree species in the tree layer of the picea purpurea community, belonging to 4 families and 6 genera, among which the picea purpurea was the absolute dominant species, and the Abies faxoniana was the subdominant species; the shrub layer had a total of 50 species of plants belonging to 16 families and 25 genera, among which Lonicera caerulea, Lonicera ferdinandii and Lonicera tangutica of the Caprifoliaceae and Rosa omeiensis and Potentilla glabra of the Rosaceae are the dominant species of the shrub layer, and the picea purpurea seedlings did not have obvious advantages but they had the widest niche breadth. This study indicated that the niche breadth was affected by the ecological characteristics of species as well as their distribution and habitat. The species with large important values generally had larger niche breadth, and the species with large niche breadth generally had the larger niche similarity and overlap, and had higher probability and degree of overlap with other species; there were also large niche overlaps when species with small niche breadth were concentrated, and the species of the same family or genus often had larger niche similarities and overlaps. Niche breadth reflected the population dispersal potential, the niche similarity reflected the stability of a community, and the niche overlap reflected the degree of the existing or potential competition among species. Picea Purpurea had the widest niche breadth in both the tree layers and shrub layers, the strongest ecological adaptability, the stable community structure, and thus the possibility of further dispersal.