Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis is mainly distributed in the forest-grass transition zone and is an important afforestation tree species for the conversion of farmland to forests and ecological restoration projects in North, Northwest, and Southwest China, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment. This paper tries to explore the dominant climatic factors that limit the distribution of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis in China, and to simulate its suitable distribution area. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the overall arrangement and promotion of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis in forestry ecological engineering and ecological economic forest construction. Based on 328 geographical distribution samples within the distribution range of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis, the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model is used to predict the potential distribution range of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis in China. The receiver operating characteristic curve, Jackknife test and the precent contribution of the climatic factors are carried out to analyze to the climatic factors limiting the modern potential geographical distribution of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis, and the response curve is used to determine the suitable range of climatic factors. The results showed that the average values of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of training and test data were 0.962±0.001 and 0.949±0.001 respectively, higher than 0.9, indicated the accuracy of the MaxEnt model was pretty high for modeling potential distribution regions of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis. The combined results from Jackknife test and the precent contribution of the climatic factors revealed that annual precipitation, temperature and precipitation of growth season, precipitation of driest quarter and min temperature of coldest month were the key climate factors that resctrited the distribution of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis in China. The total suitable area of the modern potentially geographical distribution of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis based on the climatic factors was 165.1×10⁴ km². And the total area of the potential most suitable region and suitable region of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis in China was 93.3×10⁴ km², mainly located in western and northern Hebei, Shanxi, northern Shaanxi and Qinling Mountains, southern Ningxia, eastern and southern Gansu, Qilian Mountains, eastern Qinghai, western Sichuan, eastern and central Tibet, moreover, there were few suitable region were located in northeastern Jilin, the central and southern Inner Mongolia, as well as northwestern Henan. These regions can be used as the dominant areas for the cultivation and prometon of H. rhamnoides subsp. sinensis.