Implementation of beautiful China strategy calls for beautiful cities because they are not only the essential platforms of beautiful China but the innovation of ecological civilization. To realize the goals of beautiful cities, the government should increase public investments in urban environmental and green infrastructures (EGI). However, few literature have investigated the interactions between the EGI investments and urban economic growth. By studying of 203 cities in China using dynamic panel data analysis and simultaneous regression models, we examine the interactions between the EGI investments and urban economic growth across the country. The results indicate that the EGI investments have multi-level impacts on urban economic growth. Furthermore, the impacts of EGI investments vary disparately across regions. In eastern China, the EGI investments could influence urban economic growth both directly and indirectly via the proxies of fixed investments, service industries and residential consumption. Meanwhile, urban economic growth also has significant feedback influence on the EGI investments. However, in the other regions of China, the EGI investments and urban economic growth have not reached a virtuous cycle in most regions so far. Therefore, we suggested that policies of EGI investments should be adjusted according to the regional differences.