Analysis of the adaptability of the distribution and diversity of virginal vegetation in inland river wetland to soil environmental factors is helpful to understand the ecological adaptation strategies of the native plant communities in riparian zone. This study aims to examine the response of main plant community diversity to soil environmental factors in Taohe national wetland park. The two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) methods were used to analyze the native plant communities of 27 quadrats in the study area. The study site was located in the national wetland park conservation areas in Lintao County, Gansu Province, China (35°05'27″-35°15'58″ N, 103°45'43″-103°50'55″ E). Firstly, in the riparian zone on both sides of the middle section of Taohe National Wetland Park, a flat area with relatively intact native vegetation (vegetation formed by nature but not affected by obvious human activities), less disturbance from human activities, and no obvious topographic fluctuation was selected in the direction of vertical river. Secondly, the 27 representative sample plots, including shrub and herb communities were selected. A 5 m+5 m shrub quadrat was set in each shrub plot. The height, density and coverage of all species in the quadrat were recorded in the survey of shrub community. In the investigation of herb community, 3 plots (1 m+1 m) were randomly selected from the thicket quadrats, and the height, coverage, density, frequency and life type of all plants in each quadrat were recorded in detail. The results showed that there were 8 life types of the main native plants in the study area, and the community types could be divided into 6 types. They were Ligustrum lucidum+Rosa multiflora community, Periploca sepium community, Artemisia argyi+Heteropappus hispidus community, Inula japonica+Patrinia scabiosaefolia community, Hippophae rhamnoides+Berberis thunbergii community, and Hedysarum multijugum community. Besides, Shannon Wiener diversity index (H') showed a decreasing trend as a whole, while Simpson dominance index (C) displayed opposite changing trend, and Pielou evenness index (J) exhibited a trend of increase or decrease in alternate. Moreover, there was a significantly positive correlation (P<0.05) between the content of soil silt and C, and there was no significant correlation between other soil factors and the diversity index (P>0.05), indicated that the soil silt content of the soil was one of the key factors affecting the distribution and diversity of native plant communities in river wetland. The difference of soil texture type in inland river wetland determines the species composition and distribution pattern of native plant communities in riparian wetland ecosystem to some extent.