The impact of landscape types and patterns on the urban thermal environment has always been concerned, but there is still a lack of quantitative research on the differences in impacts under different small area backgrounds. Combining in situ observation and numerical simulation technology to simulate the wind speed and temperature of the typical landscape pattern in Beijing, we analyzed the relationship between sky view factor, green area, wind speed, and surface temperature. By discussing the relationship between green space shape and green space temperature and surface temperature, we designed a variety of typical urban green space and building patterns to model the thermal environment. Finally, the model results were used to reveal the influencing factors of temperature under different green space and landscape configurations. The results showed that: (1) sky view factor and wind speed were important factors affecting the thermal environment in urban areas. Sky view factor was negatively correlated with land surface temperature, and high wind speeds would significantly reduce land surface temperature. (2) Green space composition and configuration were important factors influencing land surface temperature and air temperature. The cooling intensity of 10%-50% of the green space was 1.4-2.2℃. Specifically, the larger the area and the more complex the shape, the more cooling effect, and the cooling effect of dispersed green space was better than that of the centralized green space. (3) The windward distribution of buildings with low ends and middle height could significantly improve the thermal environment, and the land air temperature was about 1.6℃ lower than other landscape patterns. The results of the study had important implications for guiding urban landscape design to improve the urban thermal environment.