The population structure and dynamic characteristics of the typically natural secondary forests in Changbai Mountain forest region were investigated to reveal the survival status and development trend of the key populations, so as to provide a basic information and theoretical basis for the protection and restoration of the natural forests in the research area. Based on the survey data of 24 fixed plots of 1 hm², the population structure and dynamic characteristics of 4 constructive species in 2 typically natural secondary forests were quantitatively described by establishing a static life table of the population and drawing a survival curve of the population. The development trends were researched by survival analysis, population quantitative analysis, and time series analysis. The results showed that all the survival curves of four populations tended to be the Deevey-Ⅱ type, but the subtypes were different. The population mortality of Abies nephrolepis fluctuated greatly, with the multiple mortality peaks occurred in different age classes. The mortality of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica increased gradually with age class. The mortality of Pinus koraiensis was high at all age classes. The quantitative dynamic analysis showed that the four populations belonged to growth type, and the growth potential was Pinus koraiensis > Abies nephrolepis > Picea jezoensis var. microsperma > Quercus Mongolica. The four populations were highly sensitive to the external disturbances, among which Pinus koraiensis had the highest probability of being disturbed. The time series prediction showed that the number of Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis increased at different ranges after 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes, and the growth trend was stable. The populations of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica showed signs of decline in young and middle age classes. The conclusion indicated that the natural regeneration of Pinus koraiensis and Abies nephrolepis populations was better and the growth potential was higher, but the sensitivity to external disturbance was also higher. The natural regeneration of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica populations was insufficient, the growth potential was small, and the community had the risk of deviation from stable state. In order to promote community succession and development, it is suggested to strictly protect the habitats of Abies nephrolepis and Pinus koraiensis populations and moderately carry out thinning and tending. Furtherly, we should improve the spatial pattern of the populations of Picea jezoensis var. microsperma and Quercus Mongolica, and implement artificial promotion of natural regeneration in time.