In order to explore the impacts of understory vegetation and litter management on soil CH₄ flux of cold temperate zone forest during the growth season, the characteristics of soil CH₄ flux emission under different treatments were analyzed and studied, which provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the management of the forest ecosystem in the Greater Xing'an Mountains in China. The static chamber-gas chromatography was used to analyze the characteristics of soil CH₄ flux emission in four forest types (Betula platyphylla forest, Populus davidiana forest, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest, and Larix gmelini forest) with 4 kinds of treatments (natural state, removal of litter, removal of understory vegetation, and removal of understory vegetation and litter). The results showed that the soil of the four forest types all appeared as CH₄ sinks in this area during growth season. The soil methane showed a single-peak change trend in the four forest types with different treatments, and the absorption peak appeared in July and August. In the natural state, the average soil CH₄ absorption flux of the four forest types showed the trend of Betula platyphylla forest (-79.23±14.92) μg m^-2 h^-1> Populus davidiana forest (-64.27±9.60) μg m^-2 h^-1> Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest (-62.54±15.48) μg m^-2 h^-1> Larix gmelini forest (-48.73±12.26) μg m^-2 h^-1. The average absorption flux of soil CH₄ in Larix gmelini forest was significantly smaller than the other three forest types (P<0.05). Compared with the natural state, the soil CH₄ absorption flux increased by 2.12%-12.15% after the removal of litter in the four forest types, but the change range did not reach a significant level (P>0.05). After removing the understory vegetation, the CH₄ absorption flux of the four forest types increased by 0.84%-20.55%, of which only the Populus davidiana forest showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the soil CH₄ absorption flux. The removal of understory vegetation and litter had no significant effects on the soil CH₄ flux of Betula platyphylla forest and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest (P>0.05), but had significant effects on Populus davidiana forest and Larix gmelini forest (P<0.05). In short, the removal of litter and understory vegetation both increased the soil's absorption of CH₄. The removal of understory vegetation had a greater impact on soil CH₄ flux than the removal of litter, but there were still differences between different forest types and different treatments. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable forest management method is the prerequisite for regulating the absorption of CH₄ by forest soil in this area and the ecological environment protection.