Urbanization and eco-environment is closely related and mutually dependent, and the degree of coupling coordination between urbanization and eco-environment has a great impact on the realization of high-quality development and sustainable development in the region. This paper introduces the concept of coupling in physics to coupling coordination of urbanization and eco-environment in the study, then builds the comprehensive evaluation model, the coupling model, the coordinated development model and coupling coordination degree model. To value the comprehensive degree, it also structures the degree index system of coupling coordination and presents basic classification degree system of coupling coordination. Based on these, this paper analyzes the evolution of time and space of coupling coordination between urbanization and eco-environment of six central cities in Wuling Mountain area from 2010 to 2018. The results show that: (1) the coupling coordination foundation of each central city and the trendency of coupling coordination development is good. (2) There are obviously spatial differences among the central cities. The gap between coupling and the coordinated development of urbanization and eco-environment among the six central cities are distinct. The eastern part is greater than the western part, and meanwhile an obvious "single core" characteristic exists in Huaihua. (3) There is no breakthrough and leap-type improvement in the coupling coordination degree between urbanization and eco-environment in Wuling Mountain area. The lagging urbanization is an obvious problem, which hinders the process of improvement in the coupling coordination degree. It is suggested to accelerate the improvement of urbanization development level in Wuling Mountain area with green and ecological principles, and strive to find a new road of high-quality urbanization development of green ecology.