To explore the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities in the alpine meadow and their relationships with environmental factors in eastern Tibet, 28 sample plots were set up in Nyingchi and Changdu based on the grid sampling method. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were applied to the quantitative classification and ordination of bryophyte communities. The results showed that 60 species of bryophytes in 30 genera and 19 families were recorded, which all belonged to mosses. The number of species belonging to Pottiaceae and Bryaceae accounted for 55% of the total species richness. The dominant species of the communities were Didymodon fallax, Rhytidium rugosum, Abietinella abietina, Entodon concinnus, Didymodon constrictus var. flexicuspis, and Didymodon tectorus. According to the TWINSPAN analysis, bryophyte communities were classified into nine associations (i.e. Bryum sauteri association, Thuidium delicatulum + Bryum algovicum + Brachythecium plumosum association, Didymodon constrictus var. flexicuspis association, Abietinella abietina+Entodon concinnus+Rhytidium rugosum association, Barbula unguiculata+Rhytidium rugosum+Abietinella abietina association, Rhytidium rugosum+Dicranum scoparium, Entodon concinnus association, Didymodon fallax association, Didymodon tectorus association), which reflected the relationships between vegetation types and the environmental factors. CCA analysis revealed that latitude was the predominant environmental factor, followed by Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), percentage of soil clay, influencing the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities in the alpine meadow of eastern Tibet. In addition, altitude and solar radiation were the other two environmental factors which significantly affected the distribution pattern of bryophyte communities.