In the context of global climate change and urbanization, urban waterlogging disasters occur frequently, which seriously endangers the personal safety, property safety and public safety of urban residents. How to prevent and control urban waterlogging in key areas has become an important issue that all sectors of society are concerned about and urgently need to be resolved. In this study, based on the perspective of the supply and demand of ecosystem service, we used runoff regulation rate to characterize the supply level of urban waterlogging regulation and expressed the demand level of urban waterlogging regulation by hazard index (surface runoff and municipal drainage capacity), exposure index (number of people and buildings affected by disaster), and vulnerability index (the composition of people affected by disaster and the types of buildings affected by disaster), so as to construct a technical route and indicator system. The purpose of this study is to identify the key areas where urban waterlogging regulates the imbalance between supply and demand, and to determine the priority of planning intervention. Based on this, we took Xiamen Island as an example, used remote sensing data and population, social, and economic data, and used ArcMap10.8, ENVI5.3 and GeoDA platforms to evaluate the supply and demand level and their spatial distribution characteristics of urban waterlogging regulation service at the block scale. We found that urban green space could effectively provide waterlogging regulation service, and woodland was stronger than grassland; at the same time, the waterlogging regulation service provided by urban green spaces was restricted by rainfall. Hazard index, exposure index, and vulnerability index jointly determined the level of demand for urban waterlogging regulation service. The spatial distribution results show that the supply and demand levels regulated by waterlogging have obviously spatial agglomeration characteristics. Furthermore, we used the matching degree of supply and demand to divide the research unit into four types: high supply-high demand, low supply-high demand, low supply-low demand, and high supply-low demand. 114 key areas with severe imbalance between supply and demand were identified. These areas are facing the challenge of shortage of waterlogging regulation supply and need to be optimized in the future urban planning process. On this basis, we used the priority index to divide these key areas into units with five planning intervention priorities, and clarified the priority areas of urban waterlogging management. The research results provide a new scientific basis for formulating targeted urban waterlogging management strategies. At the same time, it has important theoretical and practical significance in mitigating urban waterlogging disasters and promoting the new type of human-centric urbanization.