As the main part of no-development regions, ecological redlines and protected areas, nature reserves play an important role in biodiversity conservation and nationally ecological security. Under the background of notable progress in building an ecological civilization, efforts to develop a system for building an ecological civilization have been accelerated, the adverse effects of human activities have been curbed gradually, while climate change and its impact will turn into the main challenge for the development and management of the nature reserves. In view of this, effects on wildlife resulted from climate change were analyzed and summarized, the risk of wildlife nature reserves resulted from climate change was dissected, so as to provide scientific basis for synergistic promotion between nature reserve management and coping with climate change, and improvement of nature reserve management systems under the territorially spatial planning system and protected area system. The results showed that effects of climate change on species distribution, biological phenology and interspecific relationship of wild animals and plants were more prominent, which exacerbated the risk of species extinction. Effects of climate change, especially the adaptive migration of species caused by climate change, will challenge the development and management mode of the nature reserves with relatively fixed spatial layout, protection boundary and functional zoning as the main characteristics, which make the protected objects and protected functions of wild biological nature reserves facing risks, and result in risks on nature reserves. At present, adjustments to spatial layout, protection boundary and functional zoning of nature reserves still lag behind the impact of climate change, which will further aggravate the risk of climate change in the nature reserves.