Ecosystem services are closely linked with human well-being and global sustainable development. Biodiversity loss greatly influence ecosystem services in recent years. Exploring the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services has been a major problem in the field of ecology. In this study, we calculated biodiversity indices at the landscape scale for villages and towns in Sichuan Province, evaluated the ecosystem functions of water and soil conservation, water conservation, carbon sequestration, and simultaneously studied their interaction. The results revealed that Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI), Modified Simpson's Diversity Index(MSIDI) and Patch Richness(PR) indices could well characterize spatial pattern of biodiversity at the landscape scale. The PR, Standard Deviation of Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distance (ENN_SD) and Patch Richness Density(PRD) indices constituted the explanatory variable matrix of Redundancy Analysis(RDA) model, interpretation rate of which was 42.25% (P <0.001), can better explain the response variable matrix consisting of the three above-mentioned ecosystem functions. Relational schema of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Sichuan Province included:1) gradient difference of ecosystem services and biodiversity was small due to counties of Chengdu Plain close in space; 2) gradient difference of water and soil conservation function was large in the mountain and hilly areas around the Sichuan Basin, also suggested a weak relationship with biodiversity; 3) gradient difference of carbon sequestration and water conservation was large in western Sichuan Plateau, which existed a collaborative relationship, and gradient difference of biodiversity was also large; and 4) ecosystem services and biodiversity difference was large in alpine canyon areas in the west and mountain areas in the southwest. It is essential to further draw into explanatory factor for strong tradeoff relationship of ecosystem services.