First, according to the theory of natural disaster risk formation, starting with the four factors of hazard, vulnerability, exposure and emergency response & recover capability, 10 sub-index were selected to establish the comprehensive risk evaluation index system of maize drought in Liaoning Province, based on meteorological data, spatial data and field management data. Second, the combined weighting method was used to determine the weight of each index in the evaluation index system, and each index was spatially processed according to the GIS space analysis methods. Finally, the natural disaster risk index method and weighted comprehensive evaluation method were used to establish the comprehensive risk evaluation model of maize drought in Liaoning Province. At the same time, based on the evaluation model, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of maize drought in Liaoning Province, and further studied the comprehensive risk evaluation of maize in Liaoning Province. The results showed that:(1) The drought frequency in the study area has been increasing since 1960, especially after 2010. Among them, the frequency of drought in Liaoning Province was low from 1970 to 1979, but reached the highest from 2010 to 2019. No matter what the research scale (monthly scale, seasonal scale, growing season scale or inter annual scale) it was,the drought frequency was higher in the northwest of Liaoning Province, but lower in the southeast. The drought intensity of Liaoning Province had a decreasing trend from the middle to the East and West, and areas with high drought intensity were mainly concentrated in the middle of Liaoning Province (eg.Fuxin, Jinzhou, Tieling, Liaoyang, Panjin, Anshan, Yingkou and Dalian). The duration of drought in Liaoning province gradually decreased from east to west, and areas with high drought duration mainly appeared in the north of Tieling, Panjin, Anshan, Yingkou and the south of Dandong, while areas with low drought duration mainly appeared in the southwest of Chaoyang, the northwest of Huludao, the west of Benxi and Dandong. (2) From the perspective of four factors of drought disaster hazard, vulnerability, exposure and emergency response & recover capability, except that the drought hazard indexes of maize in the west of Chaoyang and the northwest of Huludao were low, the drought hazard indexes of maize in other regions were high in Liaoning Province. However, as the main maize producing area in Liaoning Province, the northwest of Liaoning Province had high vulnerability index and exposure index of drought disaster, but its emergency response & recover capability was relatively low. Therefore, under the weighted comprehensive evaluation of four factors, there was a high risk of drought disaster in the northwest of Liaoning Province. The research results can provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the formulation of policy on agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation in Liaoning Province.