Studying on the spatial and temporal variation pattern of net primary productivity (NPP) in Shangri-La region in northwest Yunnan Province, which lies on the edge of southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is of scientific significance for exploring the response of vegetation to climate change. In this study, the NPPs of different vegetation types were estimated through using the improved CASA model based on surface meteorological data and remote sensing data including MODIS-NDVI and Landsat 5 TM image in Shangri-La region from 1996 to 2015. The spatial and temporal patterns of the NPP were analyzed and the responses of the NPP to major climate factors were revealed based on correlation analysis method. The results showed that:1) from 1996 to 2015, the annually average temperature from June to August in Shangri-La area indicated an overall trend of increase, with an increase rate of 0.037℃/a; the annually average precipitation of June-August was 373.1 mm, showing a slight downward trend; the annually total solar radiation basically maintained the fluctuation stable state during the period of 20 years; 2) From 1996 to 2015, the annually average NPP of vegetation in the Shangri-La area in June-August was 176.9 gC/m^2, and the variation range of different vegetation types was from 128.9-286.9 gC/m². Among them, the NPP of broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of other vegetation types, followed by cultivated land, grassland, shrub, and the NPP of coniferous forest was the lowest. The maximum monthly NPP of each vegetation type increased from 171.6 gC/m² to 182.3 gC/m² from the first 10 years to the second 10 years, increasing by 6.2%. In addition, the pattern of spatial distribution presented a trend of decrease from the northwest and southeast to middle of the zone; 3) The NPP of vegetation in Shangri-La region was significantly affected by annual temperature change (P<0.05), and presented an increasing trend generally with the continuous rise of temperature over 20 years; 4) The NPP of vegetation in this region was not significantly affected by precipitation change (P>0.05) which showed an nonrestrictive effect of water conditions to the NPP of vegetation. During the period from 1996 to 2005, the spatial distribution of NPP in Shangri-La was generally declining, and was obviously increasing during the period from 2005 to 2015. This change trend of NPP in the zone before and after 2005 also presented to some extent the influence of human activity disturbance and policy measures such as ecological protection and restoration on the NPP of regional vegetation.