Taking the broad-leaved pine forest in Jiaohe, Jilin as the research object, the sample plot area of 30 hm² was divided into continuous sampling units of 5 m×5 m, 10 m×10 m, 20 m×20 m and 25 m×25 m. The samples of each species in each sampling unit were counted under four different scales to obtain the number of sampling units of each species in different scales. The random distribution model and negative binomial distribution model were used to analyze the species abundance distribution, and the scientific and practical applicability of the two models were discussed by comparing the predicted abundance and observed abundance. The results showed that the prediction accuracy of the negative binomial distribution model was better than that of the random distribution model at all research scales for broad-leaved pine forests. The model prediction error of random distribution and negative binomial distribution increased with the increase of research scale, so choosing smaller sampling unit could improve the prediction accuracy of species abundance. The random distribution and negative binomial distribution models were more effective than the ones with greater abundance in predicting species. The negative binomial distribution model is suitable for simulating the species abundance distribution pattern of broad-leaved Korean pine forest and the fitting effect of the model is affected by the size of the sampling unit.