Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica is vulnerable to drought stress in summer. The healthy growth of the tree variety is anticipated to be affected in the Bashang area of Hebei Province owing to increasingly warm and dry climates in this region and increasing tree age, which would decrease its resistance to drought events. Hence, in this study, the response of the radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to climatic factors was investigated and the ecological elasticity was studied. Prior to the analysis, the tree ring width of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Zhangbei area was measured using the dendrochronology method, the basal area increment (BAI) was calculated, and the residual chronology of the tree variety was established. The results show that the age of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in Zhangbei area is approximately 28 years, and its growth stage can be divided into three periods:fast growth (0-10 a), growth decline (11-20 a), and stable growth (21-28 a). The tree ring width of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica increased rapidly from 1992 to 2000 ((4.49±1.15) mm/a), decreased from 2001 to 2010 ((3.62±1.39) mm/a), and grew steadily from 2011 to 2019 ((2.21±0.68) mm/a). The BAI of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica showed an increasing trend from 1992 to 2000 ((5.09±2.26) cm²/a), and a stable characteristic from 2001 to 2019 ((10.46±0.67) cm²/a), indicating stable and sustainable growth ability. Correlation analysis between the residual chronology and climatic factors showed that the radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was mainly negatively correlated with the average temperature and maximum temperature in September, October, and December of the previous year and July of the current year, and the maximum temperature had the most significant impact. The radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica was significantly positively correlated with the precipitation and relative humidity in September of the previous year and May and July of the current year. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica had a significantly positive correlation with the PDSI from September of the previous year to October of the current year. Drought stress would significantly inhibit the radial growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. With increasing tree age, the resistance of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to drought events decreased, while the recovery showed an opposite trend. Thus, the growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in the Bashang area of Hebei Province is mainly inhibited by the late growing season of the preceding year, the dormant period, and the monthly maximum temperature of the current growing season. In the current growing season, precipitation would promote the growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. From about 30 years time scale, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica grew well in the Bashang area of Hebei Province. Radial growth was observed in the steady state, and a distinct recession was yet to occur. Hence, the findings of the study will serve as a theoretical reference for the suitability of using Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to renew the degraded poplar shelterbelt in the Bashang area of Hebei Province.