Wetland plays an extremely important role in maintaining biodiversity, improving water quality, regulating microclimate, and protecting water and soil. With the unreasonable human activities, the ecological problems of wetland are becoming more and more serious, so the evaluation and diagnosis of wetland ecosystem health is extremely urgent. Hani terrace wetland is a special artificial paddy field wetland in southwest mountain area. It has not only important wetland ecological function value, but also agricultural production and national cultural value. At present, the research on Hani terrace wetland ecosystem mainly involves economic culture, ecological security and landscape tourism, while the research on ecosystem health evaluation is few. By analyzing the maintenance mechanism of the ecological balance of Hani terrace wetland and establishing a scientific health evaluation system to evaluate the health of the wetland, we can better understand the health status of the wetland, provide scientific support for the planning and utilization of the wetland and promote the sustainable development of the wetland. The unique vertical spatial structure of forest-village-terrace-river in the Hani terrace wetland is the maintenance mechanism of healthy balance of wetland ecosystem. Each part is independent and indivisible, with integrity. At this time, Hani terrace wetland ecosystem is not only the ecological subsystem of terrace wetland, but also the health evaluation of the whole forest-village-terrace river system. Based on the analysis of the maintenance mechanism, this paper constructed a health evaluation index system of 20 indicators including ecological characteristics, functional integration, social and political aspects and a health threshold grading table of each indicator. Meanwhile, AHP analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the weight of each index, and comprehensive evaluation method is used to evaluate the health status of Hani terrace wetland ecosystem later. The evaluation index system constructed in this study solves the problem of the lack of health evaluation index system and provides a guiding method for the evaluation of the health status of this type of wetland ecosystem. According to the evaluation results, improvement strategies can be proposed for the subsequent improvement of wetland health quality and sustainable utilization development of wetlands.