Under the background of global warming, the climate condition and underlying surface conditions of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River has changed significantly. Simultaneously, the intensification of human activities (e.g. urbanization, industrialization, grain for green and irrigation, etc.) has led to changes in underlying surface condition, which further changed the distribution of precipitation between evaporation, infiltration and runoff, thus affecting the hydrological cycle process. However, the change of climate change and underlying surface conditions jointly affect the watershed water-energy balance, and quantitative analysis their influence in different climatic regions is of great significance to the study of water balance and energy distribution of the basin under the changing environment. most of the previous studies only made qualitative analysis, and few studies focused on quantitative contributions. In addition, under the complex changing environment, the study of the changes of hydrological processes in different climatic regions and the influencing factors are helpful for the profound understanding of the change characteristics of hydrological processes in different climatic regions. Based on them,The Wuding River Basin in arid region and the upper Han River in humid region were selected as the study areas in the study. The time-varying Budyko parameter was estimated under the Budyko framework. In addition, the attribution of the evolution of the parameter was revealed quantitatively by the stepwise multiple regression model, sensitivity and contribution analysis. Moreover, a comparative analysis was made between the arid and humid regions. The results showed that the Budyko parameter increased significantly from 1970 to 2013 in the two selected areas with different driving factors. The dominant factors driving the variation of the parameter are different in diverse climatic regions. In the Wuding River basin, the parameter is highly sensitive to precipitation and vegetation coverage (NDVI), and the variation of the NDVI dominates its variation (the contribution rate is 89.5%). However, in the upper Han River, the variation of the parameter is more sensitive to temperature, effective irrigation area (EIA) and NDVI, and among which, the EIA dominates its variation (the contribution rate is 83.1%). In general, the change of underlying surface is the driving factor for the change of water and energy conditions in the Wuding River and the upper Han River.