Human wildlife conflict is an inevitably negative product of the coupled system between human and nature. The governance of conflict is an important way to realize the coordination of conservation and development. Scholars have carried out massive studies. This study summarized the existing research from four aspects of human and wildlife conflict generation, impact, cost and governance. The results indicated that both conservation and development were negatively affected by human wildlife conflict, which has caused economic losses, personal injury, well-being loss, wildlife hurt, and habitats exploited. There are still some deficiencies in the existing researches. First, researches are lack of interdisciplinary systematic research framework, which make it difficult for economists and ecologists to communicate effectively. Second, the hidden costs of human wildlife costs are neglected, such as mental health costs, transaction and opportunity costs, which are far more than direct costs. Third, researches about the impact of human wildlife conflict are not studied in depth, such as the spillover, feedback and interaction effects are not fully analyzed. Based on this, further researches are needed in terms of scientific measurement of the conflict cost, evaluation of the conflict impact from the ecological and socio-economic perspectives, and diversification of conflict governance measures. Finally, we put forward experiences of enlightenment to mitigate human wildlife conflict. First, the human wildlife cost should be measured accurately and then the special compensation funds with the central government as the mainstay and local governments as the supplement should be established. Second, the government can explore the capitalization path of ecological resources and establish the government-led, multi-stakeholder participation mechanism to mitigate the human and wildlife conflict. Third, the government can establish divisional management rules and strengthen the ability of local village collective governance. Forth, the modern information technology should be applied to measure the human wildlife cost and the government can build a loss accounting and reporting management system. Forth, multiple conservation and development policy combinations should be implemented and the conflict can be solved by diversified management model. Fifth, the government should formulate scientific land use planning project to manage the wildlife population and habitat effectively.