In this study, Anxi County of Fujian Province was taken as the research boundary, 7 types of land use including the cultivated land, forest land, grassland, garden land, water bodies, and construction land as well as unutilized land in the County and its townships from 1999 to 2019 were selected as the species variables, and the socioeconomic indicators with a relatively high correlation with them were the environmental variables for this study. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of land use and its key driving factors in Anxi County and its townships were analyzed by means of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the change of land-use type in Anxi County from 1999 to 2019 generally performed a trend of "three decreases and four increases", indicating a significant pattern of agglomeration in globally spatial distribution. The area of cultivated land, grassland and water bodies decreased by 36.82%, 22.91% and 8.18%, respectively, while forest land, garden land (mainly tea plantation), construction land and unutilized land increased by 10.37%, 56.39%, 206.08% and 90.14%, respectively. Forest land areas have been increased as a whole within 20a, but the changes varied from township to township. In the past decades, 1/3 of the 24 townships of Anxi County, such as Xianghua, Daping, Huqiu, Cannei, Futian and Chengxiang, showed a significant declining trend in forest land area. Further analysis showed that the changes in main types of land-use were mainly controlled by the driving factors of socioeconomic indicators and macro policies except for restriction by geographical factors in county scale. The top three factors were the total retail sales of consumer goods, the gross regional product and tea production. In township scale, different townships had different land use strategies and development drivers due to different geographical conditions, especially the level of urbanization and economic development, but the development driver of tea industry was still a key factor. Therefore, the authors suggest that it is important to strengthen the scientific planning and effective renovation of land use based on status and problems of land use, so as to ensure the coordinated and sustainable development of regional ecological economy.