Abstract:Understanding the spatial pattern of multiple ecosystem services and ecosystem services bundles is crucial for maintaining the regional ecological security pattern and sustainable development. Based on the assessment of six ecosystem services in Sichuan Basin in 2015, this paper evaluated multiple ecosystem services landscape index (MESLI) representing the comprehensive level of ecosystem services, and analyzed the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in the Sichuan Basin. Then, K-means clustering method was applied to explore the spatial pattern of ecosystem service bundles, which was helpful to reveal the local characteristics of the ecological pattern of the Sichuan Basin. The results demonstrated that:(1) the average value of multiple ecosystem services landscape index in Sichuan Basin reached 3.12, and it had obviously spatial differentiation. The overall ability of the study area to provide multiple ecosystem services at the same time was high. It presented a spatial distribution pattern that high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The high value areas were mainly distributed in the parallel ridge valley area of eastern Sichuan, with the highest values area dominated by woodland and grassland, and the lowest values in the urban area and its adjacent areas. (2) Six ecosystem services in Sichuan Basin had significantly spatial heterogeneity. The synergy and trade-off relationships between ecosystem services existed simultaneously. Carbon storage, habitat quality, and soil conservation services showed a spatial distribution pattern of high around the basin and low in the central of the basin. Water yield service was higher in the southeast than in the northwest, and the highest in urban areas. High-value areas for food production service were concentrated in the Chengdu Plain and middle hilly area of Sichuan. High-value areas for entertainment service were mainly distributed in the main urban areas of Chengdu and Chongqing. There were significant synergies between carbon storage, habitat quality and soil conservation services, and prominent tradeoffs between the three services mentioned above and food production and entertainment services. The tradeoffs and synergies between water production service and other services were weak. (3) The Sichuan Basin could be divided into four service bundles:cultural tourism, food production, ecological conservation, and multi-functional balance with distinctly spatial distribution and internal structure. The cultural tourism bundle had the smallest area accounting for about 3.11% of the study area, which mainly distributed in the towns and surrounding areas of Chengdu and Chongqing, and its ability to provide multiple ecosystem services was the weakest. Food production service bundle accounted for about 36.23% of the study area which mainly located in the Chengdu Plain, shallow hills and some river valleys, with the cultivated land as the dominant type. The ecological conservation bundle was mainly distributed in the mountains around the basin, with forest land as the dominant type, which had the strongest ability to provide multiple ecosystem services. It covered 22.61% of the study area. Multi-functional balance bundle was the most widely distributed, accounting for about 38.04% of the study area. It mainly located in the valleys of the hills and parallel valleys in the central and eastern Sichuan, and was still dominated by cultivated land. Adopting differentiated optimization measures will be conducive to improving the overall ecosystem service level of the Sichuan Basin and maintaining the regional ecological security pattern.