The coupling coordination between social economic development and local natural ecological environment protection is a hot topic in sustainable development research. Taking Gansu Province as the research area, this study constructed the coupling coordination degree model and comprehensive evaluation index system of natural ecosystem and social economic system in Gansu Province, and analyzed the coupling coordination degree and evolution process between social and economic development and the change of natural ecological environment quality in Gansu Province from 2007 to 2017. The results show that, (1) From 2007 to 2017, the natural environment quality index of Gansu province fluctuated first and then gradually increased, while the comprehensive level of the natural environment system of Gansu province's social and economic development showed an overall rising trend. (2) The state of the development of social economy and natural ecological environment quality from disorder stage gradually transition to the coordination stage, the social economic system and natural ecological environment system of the coupling process is from the running-in stage to stable development of high order, 10 years of ecological environment and social economic development in Gansu Province coupling coordination has improved significantly. It can be seen from the dynamic discussion of natural ecological environment quality and social and economic development speed, (1) the evolution process of scissors difference of natural environment and social and economic change rate in Gansu Province has gone through the evolution process of great difference but no obvious restriction——the pressure of social economy on ecological environment is increasing gradually——the development of social economy and ecological support ability rise simultaneously. (2) From 2007 to 2014, Gansu Province was at a stage where the development speed of the natural ecological environment was lower than that of the social economy. The social and economic development was restricted and restrained by the ecological environment, and the impact of economic development on the ecological environment was almost zero, however, the degree of mutual stress was increasing. From 2015 to 2017, the development rate of natural ecological environment will be faster than that of social economy, the growth rate of natural ecological environment was higher than that of social and economic development, industrial structure optimization and natural ecological environment protection measures began to take effect, and the degree of coupling and coordination between social economy and natural ecological environment became better and better.