It is very important to reveal the interaction between vegetation and soil by studying the bacterial community structure and diversity of rhizosphere soil of different vegetations along the Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacteria community structure and diversity of rhizosphere soil of four dominant plant species:Artemisia argyi, Sophora davidii, Hylotelephium erythrostictum and Rosa xanthine, growing in band slope of the lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River based on Miseq2500 high throughout sequencing technique and the correlation analysis of bacterial community structure with chemical properties. The results showed that there were 28 phyla, 84 classes, 156 orders, 262 families, and 599 genera in the rhizosphere soil of the four plants. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were found to be the dominant bacteria taxa, next to Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia. The soil bacteria community structure of Sophora davidii was more similar to Artemisia argyi at phylum level, while that of Hylotelephium erythrostictum was different from other three plants significantly. The OTU(Operational taxonomic units) numbers and chao1 index of the rhizosphere soil bacteria of Artemisia argyi were 6695 and 8000.02, respectively, which were the highest among the four plants, and that of Sophora davidii were the lowest with 4563 and 5113.66, respectively. The bacterial structures in rhizosphere soil of the four plants were similar, but there was a significant difference in the relative abundance of some bacteria at the phylum and class levels. There were lower proportion of common OTUs, while there existed higher proportion of unique OTUs in each sample in soil bacteria of rhizosphere soil collected from the four plants. The soil pH, soil water contents, soil organic matters and soil total nitrogen were the main influencing factors for dominant bacteria in rhizosphere soil of the four dominant plant species growing along the bank of the lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo river. The study provided a theoretical basis for the vegetable restoration and sustainable development in alpine wetland ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.