Soil respiration is the main way of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, which is mainly divided into autotrophic respiration and heterotrophic respiration. Soil respiration is not only a key link in the carbon cycle of forest ecosystems, but also an important ecological process of energy flow and material cycling in forest ecosystems. Fire, as an important ecological factor in the forest ecosystem, can have a huge impact on soil respiration components in a short time. The influence of fire disturbance on soil respiration components is related to factors such as fire intensity, fire frequency, fire duration, and post-fire recovery. By affecting the root system and composition of vegetation, the number and structure of microbial communities, the number of litters, and the environment and microclimate of the ecosystem, it then has an impact on soil respiration. The overall effect of fire disturbance on soil respiration is that the soil respiration rate decreases after a fire, and returns to the level before the fire within a few months to a few years. After that, the fire continued to affect soil respiration for several years to decades. This article mainly describes the intensity of fire, the frequency of fire, and the recovery time after fire, expounds the direct impact of fire disturbance on soil respiration components, and reveals the impact of fire disturbance on soil respiration components of forest ecosystem through the indirect impact of post fire environment on soil respiration components. At the same time, the following three research prospects are made regarding the influence of fire disturbance on soil respiration components:(1) the effects of black carbon produced after fire on soil respiration components; (2) the effects of vegetation restoration after fire on soil respiration components; and (3) the long-term change pattern of soil respiration components after fire.