Tourism ecological security is an essential part of regional ecological security. Evaluating regional tourism ecological security scientifically is important for preventing and controlling regional tourism ecological security risks. Considering the advantages of the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this study uses Max-DEA software to scientifically and systematically measure the tourism ecological security of 85 counties and cities in Xinjiang from 2007 to 2017. It also uses ArcGIS10.6 and GeoDa0.95i software's spatial analysis technology to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern evolution characteristics of the tourism ecological security. Afterward, the key influencing factors of tourism ecological security are detected using Geo Detector software. The results show that (1) During the period of 2007-2017, 40.01% of the counties and cities in Xinjiang have experienced fluctuation and decline in tourism ecological security. Among them, 20% of the counties and cities rapidly dropped from the high level of tourism ecological security in 2007 to the low level of tourism ecological security in 2017, and 12.94% of the counties and cities have been in the low level of tourism ecological security. On the contrary, 22.35% of the counties' tourism ecological security index continued to rise with fluctuations based on a higher level of tourism ecological security state. Moreover, the polarization of the tourism ecological security level is severe in counties and cities of Xinjiang, and the tourism ecological security of counties and cities in southern Xinjiang is better than that in northern Xinjiang. (2) There is an obvious correlation between the tourism ecological security of various counties and cities in Xinjiang, and the spatial agglomeration trend of tourism ecological security has become more obvious. (3) The scope of low-low cluster areas of tourism ecological security in Xinjiang counties and cities has been diffused, while the scope of high-high cluster areas is shrinking. It indicates that the negatively spatial spillover effect is enhanced, but the positive spillover effect is weakened. (4) The main factors that affects tourism ecological security in Xinjiang counties and cities include the urbanization rate, number of tourists, tourist density, tourism spatial index, number of star hotels, vegetation index, net income of farmers and herders per capita, contribution rate of the tourism industry to gross domestic product (GDP), tourism reception capacity, and teachers per 10,000 people. This study constructs the driving mechanism of tourism ecological security and introduces corresponding policy recommendations based on the research findings. The research results have important reference significance for protecting tourism ecological security in Xinjiang.