Carrying out the ecological restoration project of "landscapes, forests, fields, lakes and grasses" in Dongting Lake area is a key measure to put the concept of ecological civilization into practice, follow the natural law and solve the problems of ecological and environmental protection. As a result of natural disasters and irrational human use, the ecological problems in the Dongting Lake region are becoming more and more serious, posing a threat to the balance and sustainable development of the ecosystem. Based on the Theory of Restoration Ecology, taking the Dongting Lake area as the research object, such ecological problems as soil heavy metal pollution, water environment, biodiversity and vegetation degradation, and rural land use in the Dongting Lake region are analyzed by adopting the ecological principles of material-energy cycle and material-energy conversion. The interrelationship and mutual restriction of the various elements and corresponding subsystems in the life community of "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" are made clear, and the ecological degradation process and ecological degradation mechanism of the Dongting Lake ecosystem are clarified. In this regard, the ecological restoration strategies of reconstructing ecological water bodies, reconstructing ecological geological landforms and recreating ecological landscapes are proposed, to properly solve and deal with the ecological restoration of the Dongting Lake area and the urgent need for environmental improvement are put forward so as to realize the restoration and reconstruction of natural landscape. By constructing the indicator system of ecosystem restoration in Dongting Lake area and the monitoring and management of ecosystem restoration in this area, the goal of ecological restoration of the "landscape, forest, field, lake and grass" in the Dongting Lake area will be achieved.