The diversified forest communities provide different microhabitats for plant growth. However, whether the species are randomly distributed or ecologically specialized in different forest communities remains to be elucidated. In this study, four 1 hm² (100 m×100 m) forest dynamic monitoring plots based on different dominant species communities were established in Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve. We analyzed species composition and structure differences by Kruskal-wallis method and betadisper test in different communities, and then analyzed the plant-community relations by correlation network approach and indicator species analysis. Results showed that the abundance, richness, and species composition of woody plants exhibited significant differences in different communities. A total of 5 species were recorded in each of the four communities, and a total of 43.82% (39/89) species distributed in two or more communities. The results of network analysis showed that the linkage index between species and communities was 41.29%, and the specialization index was 60.89%. Indicator species analysis showed that the indicator species were different among different plant communities. Through this study, we understood the species composition and community structure characteristics of different communities in Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve. The results also suggest that the distribution of woody plants in different communities showed high specialization characteristics. It is hoped that this study can provide some references for understanding of the mechanism of woody plant diversity maintenance and species conservation in this region.