The middle reaches of the Yangtze River (including Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi Province) and the "Central Triangle City Grop" are located in the center of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and are one of the key national ecological secrity areas. The dynamic change of vegetation is affected by geographical environment and climate change, which is closely related to the future regional sustainable development. Based on MODIS NDVI time series remote sensing data from 1999 to 2015, the paper analyzed the dynamic characteristics of vegetation and its relationship with climatice factors in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River from 1999 to 2015 by applyingtrend analysis, coefficient of variation, rescaled range analysis, and partial correlation analysis, etc. The results showed that the average value of NDVI in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River showed an overall upward trend (increased from 0.72 to 0.80). From the perspective of spatial distribution, the low-value area of NDVI (0.1-0.5) was 1.40%, and the high-value area (>0.7) accounted for 87.15%, overall pattern of NDVI was high in the west and and north region and low in the east and south region. The low-value areas were radiated outward from the capital cities of the three provinces. Based on hurst index, the changing trend of NDVI was uncertain in most areas (60.54%) of the study area. The continuous improvement area (34.78%) was mainly distributed in the western mountain area, and the continuous degradation area (3.26%) was mainly distributed in the more developed urban areas with frequent human activities. On the interannual scale, no significant relationship between the NDVI and the meteorological factors were observed. From the correlation between vegetation and climate factors, the relationship between NDVI and meteorological factors was not significant on the interannual scale; on the monthly scale, precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine hours were the main factors affecting NDVI change, and precipitation and sunshine hours had obvious time lag; on the spatial correlation, the area of positive correlation between vegetation change and temperature and precipitation was larger than that of negative correlation, and the area of positive correlation with relative humidity was larger than that of negative correlation The area with negative correlation to humidity and sunshine hours was larger than that with positive correlation. The dynamic trend of NDVI in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was mainly uncertain, and the regions around the urban agglomerations showing continuous degradation of NDVI should be concerned.