The Alsophila spinulosa is praised as "king of pteridophytes" and "living fossil". It was once the most prosperous plant on the earth, when was the same period with dinosaurs. Due to the geological changes and climate changes, the trace of Alsophila spinulosa can only be found in a few "refuges" at present, and Chishui River area is the area where the population of Alsophila spinulosa is more concentrated. Therefore, understanding the distribution of Alsophila spinulosa in Chishui River area is of great significance for protection of Alsophila spinulosa germplasm resources and the restoration and reconstruction of Alsophila spinulosa population. Based on 80 distribution points, 20 sample plots, and 22 environmental variables of Alsophila spinulosa in Chishui River Basin, the potentially geographical distribution of Alsophila spinulosa was predicted by Maxent model and ArcGIS software. The habitat suitability of Alsophila spinulosa in Chishui River region was evaluated and analyzed by combining with the contribution rate of environmental variables, knife cutting method, and land use status change. The suitable potential geographical distribution area and the area of Alsophila spinulosa habitat were determined. The results show that (1) the prediction accuracy of Maxent model is very high, and the prediction result of Maxent model is "Excellent". (2) Precipitation in the warmest quarter (39.65%), mean diurnal range (mean of monthly (max temp-min temp)) (18.21%), temperature seasonality (standard deviation×100) (12.69%), and precipitation seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) (6.87%) are the main environmental factors affecting the growth and distribution of Alsophila spinulosa. The cumulative contribution rate of the three factors is 77.42%. It shows that Alsophila spinulosa is sensitive to the changes of precipitation and temperature during the growth process. (3) The model predicts that the high suitable areas are mainly concentrated in Sichuan (Luzhou, Yibin, Zigong), Chongqing and Guizhou (Zunyi), and there is obvious continuity in space. From the high suitable areas to the unsuitable areas, they radiate and gradually decrease from the middle to the outside. Although the high suitable area of Alsophila spinulosa is as high as 49842 km², the impacts of habitat fragmentation, human disturbance and more artificial vegetation on Alsophila spinulosa population will be adverse. In conclusion, the suitable habitat area of Alsophila spinulosa in Chishui River area is large and the connectivity is good, which provides a high-quality living environment for Alsophila spinulosa in this area, and the artificial tending of forest can promote the continuation of Alsophila spinulosa population.