At the present stage, plant dust retention is widely used as an effective method to control atmospheric particulate pollution. Studies showed that rainfall, with a significant effect on the retention of particulate matter on the leaf surface of plants, could effectively remove particulate matter from the leaf surface and give the leaf surface with the ability to retain particulate matter again. As natural rainfall is difficult to quantify, most existing studies used the simulated rainfall to quantify rainfall characteristics using controllable variables such as rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, but the variable of rainfall height was less commonly included in studies. Most studies focus on plants such as trees, shrubs, and grasses, which are common in forest ecosystems or urban ecosystems, and ignore the special characteristics of plants in wetland ecosystems. Wetland ecosystems not only retain particulate matter through structures such as plant leaves, but also rely on enhancing relative air humidity to promote the uptake and accumulation of particulate matter, leading to the specificity of the dust retention patterns of wetland plants. Thus, this study selected common plants (Typha orientalis., Acorus calamus, Phragmites australis, Iris wilsonii) of the wetland ecosystem in Beijing area as the research object. Through artificial simulation of rainfall, the rainfall characteristics are quantified to two variables, rainfall height and rainfall intensity. Two different rainfall heights were 1 m (11 m) and 2 m (10 m). Three different rainfall intensities included 30 mm/h, 45 mm/h, and 60 mm/h. The particulate matter was divided into three particle size ranges, namely coarse particulate matter(10-100 μm), fine particulate matter(3-10 μm), ultrafine particulate matter(0.4-3 μm). The removed particulate matter per unit leaf area was obtained through the filter membrane method, and the effect of artificial rainfall on the retention of particulate matter on the leaf surface of wetland plants was discussed. The results are as follows:(1) The mass of particulate matter removal was the highest in the range of 10-100 μm, that is, in the coarse particle scale; (2) Among the four wetland plants tested in this study, Acorus calamus ranked the highest in particulate matter removal; (3) The mass of particulate matter removed from plant leaf surfaces increases with increasing rainfall intensity only within a certain range; (4) There was no significant pattern in the removal of particulate matter from the leaf surface of the tested wetland plants with rainfall height, and there was no significant difference between rainfall heights (P>0.05).