Peatland is one of main sources of methane (CH₄) emissions, and the process of methane cycle is sensitive to the change of water table. In this paper, soil from two peatlands with the differed water table were cultivated without oxygen to explore the effects of water table change on methane production potential and methane anaerobic oxidation (AOM) in peatland and analyze the potential impact biogeochemical factors. Results showed that CH₄ production from high water table peatland (water table=0 cm:(0.89±0.01) μg/g) was significantly higher than that from low water table (water table=-30 cm:(0.70±0.03) μg/g) peatland. The AOM in the low water table peatland ((3588.06±24.78) μg/g) was significantly higher than that in the high water table peatlands ((2829.93±35.99) μg/g). The correlation analysis showed that methane production potential is significantly correlated with water content and DOC, and the AOM potential is significantly correlated with water content, pH and DOC. Water content and DOC are important factors affecting the methane production and AOM of the Zoige peatland. Our results also showed that the methane production potential at high water table peatland was significantly sensitive to warming, especially at surface soil (0-20 cm). This study clarified the influence of water table on methane production and AOM potential of Zoige peatland, estimated the methane production and AOM potential of peatlands from nationwide, and provided theoretical support in mitigating global change.