Beautiful China is a new strategic thought presented by the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which is also the continuity of constructing ecological civilization. This paper aims to explore the law of temporal-spatial differentiation, spatial distribution pattern and system coupling coordination degree of China's Beautiful China construction in 31provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions from 2000 to 2017 on the basis of GeoDa spatial autocorrelation analysis and dynamic coupling model. The results showed that ①the development fluctuation of China's Beautiful China was on the rise with spatial distribution characteristics of eastern > western > central area. ② On the whole, the development pattern of Beautiful China is stable. But the eastern and western regions are deeply polarized. In the Beautiful China subsystem, except the spatial autocorrelation of the system subsystem is not significant, there are significantly positively spatial correlations in other systems. And the spatial distribution of social, economic, cultural and environmental high-agglomeration areas is dislocated. ③ China's social, environmental, economic, cultural and institutional static coupling coordination degree is fluctuating upward trend with significant difference of regional development between east and west regions. The dynamic coupling is less than static coupling coordination. The social development, green environment, economic growth, and cultural and institutional development are still hindered in some provinces and cities.