Wuhan city is located between the National Soil and Water Loss Prevention Area of Dabie Mountain and the Provincial Soil and Water Loss Control Area of Mufu Mountain. The soil erosion issue has an important impact on the ecological security of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of slope, erosive precipitation, land use, soil and water conservation measures on soil erosion, based on the observation data (139 groups) of 35 runoff plots from four monitoring sites including Caidian, Mopanshan, Xihu, and Yanzishan in Wuhan during 2009-2018. Meanwhile, dominant soil erosion factors were identified using the revised USLE model. The results showed that for the plots with different land use types, the average soil loss of bare land was the highest (2597.57 t km^-2 a^-1), followed by economic forest, grassland, and cultivated plots, and the average soil loss of which were close. There was a significant binary linear or power function relationship between the soil loss, erosive precipitation and slopes. The crop/vegetation types with the highest soil loss reduction rate in granite red soil, yellow brown soil and brown earthl plots of Wuhan City were respectively Chestnut, artificial secondary forest and grassland. Compared with natural vegetation-covered plots, both hedgerows (grass strips, tea plants, amorpha fruticosa) and rock ridge terraces significantly reduced the soil loss, and these soil and water conservation measures had stronger soil erosion control effect under lower erosive precipitation. In addition, the effect of hedgerow measures was better than rock terraces, and soil loss of the grass strip hedgerow plots was the lowest (46.13 t km^-2 a^-1). The average soil loss of the plots with slopes of three ranges (0-10°, 10-20°, 20-25°) were 892.07, 911.15 and 2087.60 t km^-2 a^-1, respectively, indicating that soil erosion rapidly increased with the slope exceeding 20°. The dominant erosion factors were soil and water conservation measure, vegetation cover and management factors. There was a good linear relationship between soil loss and the improved soil erodibility factor K' in this paper, which showed that K' had a significant effect in indicating the comprehensive influence of surface cover factors and soil erodibility factors. The results can provide a basis for the reasonable arrangements of soil and water conservation measures and the improvement of erosion model in Wuhan. Furthermore, quantitative assessment of regional soil erosion based on long-term observation data from field runoff plots is worthy of further study.