The scope, intensity, and frequency of human influences on landscapes have been increasing rapidly all over the world. In order to change the unsustainable state of the environment which is pressured by human activities, landscapes need to be planned and managed properly following scientific principles. Sustainable landscape planning is a sustainability science-based planning process that aims to balance the supply and demand of ecosystem services at the landscape scale, spatially optimizes ecological, social and economic processes, and ultimately improves human wellbeing. In order to implement this planning idea, here we propose an eight-step framework of sustainable landscape planning, which integrates landscape sustainability research and GeoDesign. Strong/weak sustainability, multiple scales, ecosystem services, sustainability indicators, big data application, and culture and sense of place are integrated into the key steps of problem diagnosis and goal setting, organization and management of multisource data, scale matching and multiscale analysis, landscape pattern-process analysis and sustainability assessment, landscape pattern-ecosystem services relationship simulation, scenario analysis and scheme evaluation, GeoDesign platform construction, and visualization and human-computer interaction. The procedural steps and implementation pathways of sustainable landscape planning proposed in this study are characterized by interdisciplinarity, real-time evaluation feedbacks, use of advanced information technologies, and stakeholder participation, which can be used for multi-scale spatial optimization and sustainable landscape design to enhance human wellbeing.